1、Adhesive properties of urea
Commercial urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was blended with a renewable and environmentally friendly soy protein concentrate (SP) adhesive in order to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds. The UF resin was replaced by SP in different proportions (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%).
2、Depolymerization of soybean protein isolate to enhance the excellent
High-performance, inexpensive urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesives have broad applications in the wood-based panel manufacturing industry. However, their application is often limited by the formaldehyde emission and poor water resistance of UF resin-bonded wood-based panels.
3、Improved performance of soy protein adhesive with melamine–urea
In this study, in order to ameliorate the bonding quality of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, the melamine–urea–formaldehyde prepolymer (MUFP) was synthesized, and different amounts of it were introduced into the SPI adhesive as a cross-linking agent.
4、Hydrolyzed soy protein isolates modified urea–formaldehyde resins as
The hydrolytes soy protein isolates (HSPI)-modified urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins were synthesized via copolymerization process. The best bonding strength is 1.50 MPa and improves 51.5%...
5、Structure and Properties of Soy Protein Adhesive Modified by Urea
Soy protein-based adhesive (SUG) was prepared using urea-glyoxal (UG) resin and soy protein isolate (SPI) as the main raw materials, and the solid content, viscosity, surface tension coefficient, contact angle, and bonding performance of the soy protein-based adhesive were tested.
Development and Characterization of an Environmentally Friendly Soy
Herein, the phenolic resin was modified using a soybean protein isolate (SPI) treated with a NaOH/urea solution through a copolymerization method.
Hydrolyzed soy protein isolates modified urea–formaldehyde resins as
The hydrolytes soy protein isolates (HSPI)-modified urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins were synthesized via copolymerization process. The best bonding strength is 1.50 MPa and improves 51.5% compared with pure UF.
Adhesive properties of urea
Commercial urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was blended with a renewable and environmentally friendly soy protein concentrate (SP) adhesive in order to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds.
Effect of soy protein on the toughness and bonding performances of cold
Soy-based products—including defatted soybean flour (SF), soybean protein concentrate (SPC), and soybean protein isolate (SPI)—are considered ideal renewable raw materials and modifiers for environmentally friendly adhesives, as they emit no volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The effect of hydrolyzed soy protein isolate on the structure and
The hydrolyzed soy protein isolate (HSPI) was used to partially substitute urea to synthesis modified urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesives via copolymerization process, in order to reduce the dependency on petroleum-based chemicals and mitigate possible environmental pollution.
Soy Protein-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive
Abstract: With the global increasing demand for sustainable and bio-based materials, developing new eco-friendly adhesives with high-performance properties has become a hot research topic. This study focuses on the development and performance evaluation of soy protein-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, aiming to explore a novel, environmentally friendly adhesive with excellent bonding properties. Through chemical modification and physical treatment, the compatibility and dispersion of soy protein in urea-formaldehyde resin were improved while retaining the resin’s superior mechanical strength and water resistance.
Keywords: Soy protein; Urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive; Bio-based materials; Environmental protection; Bonding performance
1. Introduction As industrialization accelerates, traditional urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives are widely used in woodworking, furniture manufacturing, and other fields due to their low cost and high bonding strength. these adhesives also pose environmental concerns, such as formaldehyde emissions. developing eco-friendly adhesives is particularly important. In recent years, bio-based materials have gained attention due to their biodegradability and low toxicity. Soy protein, as an abundant protein resource, exhibits excellent biodegradability and serves as a green alternative to urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives.
2. Basic Principles of Soy Protein-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive Soy protein-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive is prepared by chemically reacting or physically treating soy protein with urea-formaldehyde resin, allowing soy protein molecules to disperse better in the resin matrix. This improves bonding performance and water resistance. Specifically, additives such as crosslinking agents, plasticizers, and stabilizers can enhance the compatibility and dispersion of soy protein in the resin.
3. Experimental Methods 3.1 Preparation of Soy Protein-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive (1) Raw Materials Preparation: Weighed soy protein, urea, formaldehyde, curing agents, and other raw materials in specific ratios. (2) Mixing and Reaction: The soy protein, urea, formaldehyde, and curing agents were mixed under high-speed stirring to form a uniform solution. (3) Aging Treatment: The mixed solution was placed in a constant-temperature chamber for aging to promote crosslinking reactions between soy protein and urea-formaldehyde resin. (4) Shaping: The aged solution was poured into molds and subjected to curing and drying to obtain the final product.
3.2 Performance Testing (1) Adhesive Strength Test: A universal tensile testing machine was used to measure the adhesive strength of the modified resin under different conditions. (2) Water Resistance Test: The adhesive was immersed in water for a specified time, and changes in bonding strength were observed. (3) Temperature Resistance Test: The adhesive underwent cyclic testing in high- and low-temperature environments to evaluate its stability. (4) Environmental Performance Test: Formaldehyde content and other hazardous substances in the adhesive were measured to assess its eco-friendliness.
4. Results and Discussion The prepared soy protein-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive demonstrated high bonding strength and good water resistance. Additionally, its formaldehyde emissions were significantly lower than those of traditional urea-formaldehyde resins, highlighting its environmental advantages. Furthermore, adding appropriate crosslinking agents and plasticizers improved soy protein dispersion in the resin, further enhancing adhesive performance.
This study successfully developed a novel soy protein-modified urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive with excellent bonding and environmental properties. This adhesive not only meets modern industrial demands for bonding materials but also supports the growth of green chemical industries. In the future, we will further optimize the formulation and production process of this adhesive to expand its applications. Additionally, ongoing efforts will focus on improving its environmental sustainability and contributing to a better living environment.
